Oceanography, oceanography, or hydrogeology is the branch of Earth science that studies the oceans and seas. Oceanography covers a wide range of topics including marine biology, ecosystem dynamics, ocean currents, waves, plate tectonics, and seafloor geology, as well as the study of the flow of various substances in the oceans.
Oceanography deals with all its features in terms of determining how deep its waters are, studying marine life and how to exploit it. The science of ocean physics explains the natural state of it, especially the distribution of water, the basis of its formation, and the water currents in it. Oceanography is not a stand-alone scientific method, but a parallel application of many ocean sciences. The science of oceans and seas deals in a comprehensive way with the physical (natural), chemical, biological and geological aspects, as well as other aspects related to the meteorological phenomena of the sea world. Scientific and technological progress has enabled marine scientists and explorers to shed light on many of its mysterious secrets. Moreover, the development of mechanical and electronic devices has paved the way for collecting data and samples from the abyssal depths of the seas and oceans with an extremely accurate degree.